Ockham research company
In the case of cyclohexene with 5 mole percent t-butyl hydroperoxide, a yield of 2(1)% cyclohexene oxide, 8.0(3)% 2-cyclohexen-1-ol, and 23.66(1)% 2-cyclohexen-1-one was achieved with no catalysts, and in the epoxidation of cyclooctene using 5 mole percent t-butyl hydroperoxide, a yield of 40(2)% cyclooctene oxide, 1.18(2)% 2-cycloocten-1-one, and 0.35(1)% 2-cyclooctene-1-ol was achieved with no catalysts. Chapter 6 relates to the epoxidation of olefins. The study based on the uptake of lead showed NV-Na and NM-Ca removing 1.50(17)meq/g Pb2+ and 0.27(14)meq/g Pb2+ and with the treated zeolites 30 min HCl NV-Na and 30 min HCl NM-Ca resulting in 0.41(23)meq/g Pb2+ and 0.09(9)meq/g Pb2+. After 30 minutes of reflux in concentrated hydrochloric acid, the surface area increased to 158(7)m2/g and 111(4)m2/g, respectively. NV-Na and NM-Ca untreated had surface areas of 19.0(4)m2/g and 20.0(1)m2/g, respectively. AZLB-Na and AZLB-Ca turned into amorphous material, while NV-Na and NM-Ca retained crystallinity when treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Chapter 5 contains the results of the characterization and modification of 4 natural zeolites (AZLB-Na, AZLB-Ca, NM-CA, NV-Na) from the United States in an attempt to increase the surface area of the zeolites to make them more efficient at the adsorption/absorption of lead from a simulated contaminated water source. Both products were analyzed via FTIR, NMR, UV-Vis, CV, DFT, and XRD. Chapter 3 resulted in the synthesis of the complexes (PF6)2 and (Cl)(PF6) of which (Cl)(PF6) had not been previously analyzed. The complexes were analyzed via FTIR, NMR, UV-Vis, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, TGA, DFT, and XRD. Epigenetic rejuvenation seems to hold the key to arresting or even reversing organismal aging.Ĭhapter 2 is based on the synthesis and study of the compounds of the bidentate ligand ((5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)phosphine oxide with molybdenum and cobalt as the transition metal. In order to explain the results, a bimodular epigenome is proposed, where module A represents the DNAm clock component and module B the remainder of the epigenome. Initial evidence suggests that when the clock is forced to tick backwards in vivo, it is only able to drag the phenotype to a partially rejuvenated condition. It was at this point where epigenetic rejuvenation came into play as a strategy to reveal to what extent biological age can be set back by making the clock tick backwards. The idea was significantly strengthened by the converging discovery that DNA methylation (DNAm) at specific CpG sites could be used as a highly accurate biomarker of age defined by an algorithm known as the Horvath clock.
#OCKHAM RESEARCH COMPANY DRIVER#
Long considered as an irreversible process where interventions were only aimed at slowing down its progression, breakthrough discoveries like animal cloning and cell reprogramming have deeply changed our understanding of postnatal development, giving rise to the emerging view that the epigenome is the driver of aging. The view of aging has evolved in parallel with the advances in biomedical sciences. The dangers to the chemical imagination from a rigid adherence to an Ockham's Razor perspective, and the benefits of the use of this venerable and practical principle are given, we hope, their due. Continuing the argument, we look at the multiplicity and continuity of concerted reaction mechanisms, and at principal component and Bayesian analysis (two ways in which Ockham's Razor is embedded into modern statistics). Ockham's Razor is an instruction in an operating manual, not a world view. Then we argue that in more than one pragmatic way the Razor proves useful, without at all assuming a simple world. We first present a context for questioning, within chemistry, the fundamental assumption that underlies Ockham's Razor, namely that the world is simple. Which is not matched, to put it mildly, by current philosophical attitudes toward Ockham's Razor. This is all done in the context of the chemical (and scientific) community's almost unthinking acceptance of the principle as heuristically valuable. A small history of methodologies related to Ockham's Razor, least action and least motion, follows. We then define a reaction mechanism and tell a personal story of how Ockham's Razor entered the study of one such mechanism. His various formulations of the principle of parsimony are presented. We begin by tracing the personal and scholarly history of William of Ockham, the man whose name Ockham's Razor bears.